曾金鳳
福建省三明真菌研究所!三明365000

【中文摘要】 大杯傘（Clitocybe maxima）是八十年代馴化成功的食用菌新品種.本文詳細描述了其子實體發育的四個時期—一棒形期、釘頭期、杯形期、成熟期的形態特征.以及菌褶子實層、單核菌絲、雙核菌絲中的絲狀菌絲、粉狀菌絲和產孢菌絲團的顯微構造;闡述了大杯傘生活史中的三個有性大循環和一個無性小循環,說明其有性世代可不必經過傘形子實體階段,而由產孢菌絲團和粉狀雙核菌絲直接產生擔子和擔孢子來完成;對大杯傘生長發育各個階段的溫度、營養、水分、光照、空氣和pH值等要求也作了較詳細論述.

【英文摘要】 Clitocybe maxima, a new species of edible fungus, was successfully domesticated in 1980 ' s. The paper presented a detailed description of the morphological characteristics of its four fruiting stages: club, pin-head, cup and mature stage. The microstructure of the lamella hymenia, spore-bearing mycelia, the filaments and "powdery" hyphae of the uninucleate and dicaryophytic hyphae were also described in detail. It was demonstrated that three major sexual cycles and a minor nonsexual cycle were involved in the life cycle of Clitocybe maxima, showing that its sexual generation could be completed through the direct production of basidia and basidiospores by spore-bearing mycelia and powdery dikaryotic mycelia without passing the stage of pileate fructification. And the requirement of temperature, nutrition, moisture, light, aeration and pH during the development of Clitocybe maxima was also described.

【中文關鍵詞】 大杯傘; 形態特征; 顯微構造; 生活史; 生活條件
【英文關鍵詞】 Clitocybe maxima; Morphological characteristics; Microstructure; Life cycle; Growing conditions

【文獻出處】 食用菌學報,Acta Edulis Fungi,編輯部郵箱,1996年01期 【DOI】CNKI:SUN:SYJB.0.1996-01-002