張金霞; 張樹庭
中國農業科學院全國農業菌種保藏中心; 香港中文大學生物系 北京 100081; 香港

【中文摘要】 通過對34株草菇[Volvariella volvacea(Bull.ex Fr.)Sing.]保藏菌種的肉眼和顯微觀察,按菌落和菌絲形態,將其分為氣生型(正常)和匍匐型(不正常)兩大基本類型。氣生型又分為正常生長型和緩慢生長型兩類。本實驗觀察到,所有氣生型菌株的菌絲都粗而直,在PDAY培養基上正常生長的都能在天然基質廢棉上正常生長并出菇;而所有在PDAY培養基上生長緩慢的都不能在天然基質廢棉上正常生長(或生長緩慢細弱,或僅在表面生長),且不能出菇。所有匍匐型菌株的菌絲都細而多彎曲,在PDAY培養基和廢棉上都生長緩慢,甚至不能生長,均不能出菇。凝膠電泳表明,與氣生型菌株相比,匍匐型菌株多1-2條酯酶同工酶帶,而缺少一條活性極強的可溶性蛋白帶。實驗結果表明,(1) 菌落形態特征可能是鑒定草菇菌種保藏效果的第一特征,氣生菌絲的有無可以作為菌株正常與否的重要標志;(2) 菌絲形態,包括粗細、曲直、分枝等是區別草菇菌種保藏后正常與否的微觀特征;(3) 酯酶同工酶譜和可溶性蛋白帶是鑒別草菇菌種保藏效果的可利用的生化標志。上述特征和標志都與草菇菌種的商業性狀,如發菌、出菇等,有明顯的關系。對于這些...更多生化標志尚有待于進一步鑒定和研究  還原

【英文摘要】 Thirty-four stock cultures of Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.)were examined visually and microscopically, and two general types of hyphae, the aerial type and the flat type could be grouped. Furthermore, the aerial type could be divided into two categories, good growth and slow growth. The aerial type hyphae were thick and straight in appearance. In this study, one category of the aerial type grew well on PDAY medium and could grow well on cotton waste compost, and fruitd normally; the another category grew slowly on PDAY medium and also grew slowly on cotton waste compost, they failed to fruit. The flat type hyphae were thin and wavy in appearance. They grew very slow either on PDAY medium or on cotton waste compost and were unable to fruit. Gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the flat type appeared more one or two bands on esterase isozyme zymogram, and missed one major band on coluble protein profile as compared to the aerial type. The results suggest that after storage, the my...更多celial colony morphology may be primary characteristic for identification of productivity and quality of V. volvacea culture; the existence or absence of aerial hyphae could be as marker of normality or abnormality of V. volvacea culture; the morphology of hyphae including diameter, growth direction, branch could be used for determination of V. volvacea culture, and esterase isozyme zymogram and soluble protein could be biochemical indicators to distinguish normal from changed culture for V.volvacea. All of these indicators seem to be relative to commercial characteristics such as mycelial running on compost and fruiting. Further studies are required to characterize these biochemical indicators.  還原

【中文關鍵詞】 草菇; 菌種保藏; 保藏效果鑒定
【英文關鍵詞】 Volvariella volvacea; Culture preservation; Effective determination

【文獻出處】 中國食用菌,Edible Fungi of China,編輯部郵箱,1992年04期 【DOI】CNKI:SUN:ZSYJ.0.1992-04-000